AP401+Cancer

=AP401 Cancer=

Resources
Sample Questions: 2008 [|2007] Sample Answers: 2008 2007
 * **Subject** || **Lecture Notes** || **mp3** ||
 * Cancer Introduction || [|2008] [|2007] || [|2008b] [|2007] ||
 * Cancer Case Studies || [|2008] [|2007] || 2008 [|2007] ||
 * Skin Cancer || 2008 || [|2008] ||

Outline
Date: Monday, October 29 Handouts: [|Cancer Introduction] Audio: [|Cancer 1] Note: The lecture audio for this presentation is posted in mp3 format and provided for the purpose of revision support only
 * Cancer Introduction: Adam Phillips**

Anti-cancer therapy: - most are anti-proliferative - cause DNA damage/induce apoptosis - affect rapidly dividing cells (bone marrow, GIT epithelium, natural healing mechanisms, any normal growth - hair, bone etc.)
 * Cancer Drug Treatments**

Supportive therapy: - pain management/palliative care - treatment of common toxicities

Treatments: - surgery - radiation - biological therapy - chemotherapy - other/supportive measures - pain management/palliative care - treatment of common toxicity

males: prostate, colorectal, lung, melanoma
 * Common Cancers**

females: breast, colorectal, melanoma, lung

the types of cancers most commonly experienced change as we age: - congenital cancers early in life - exposure to carcinogens, risk factors (compounding risk)

//symptoms - similar to UTI// - difficulties starting and stopping urination - pain or a burning sensation when passing urine - urinating more often than usual, particularly at night - the feeling that the bladder can't be fully emptied - dribbling urine - blooding in the urine or semen - pain during ejaculation
 * Prostate cancer**

//risk factors// - age - family history - ethnicity

//PSA testing and prostate cancer -// prostatic specific antigen (PSA) normally produced by prostate cells - levels increase during aging, but also in benign prostatic enlargement, prostatitis, cancer - the higher the level, the increased risk of cancer and aggressive prostate cancer - 4.0ng/mL represents a 27% risk of cancer, but this level is normal in those over 60yrs (testing levels is inaccurate - many false positives) - tests are very sensitive (will pick up cancer), but very low specificity (false positives)

//other tests// - digital rectal exam (better specificity) - prostate fine-needle aspirate (look if cancerous cell)

- opioids, hormones and related agents, hormone antagonists and related agents, other analgesics and antipyretics, propulsives, corticosteroids for systemic use/pain, hypnotics and sedatives, antiandrogens, laxatives, anxiolytics
 * Drugs prescribed by GPs for management of cancer**

- reduction in morbidity and mortality
 * Cancer screening**

national bowel screening program - colonoscopy - polyps and early lesions - faecal-occult blood test (tolerance, acceptability, access, cost, avoid implications)

national cervical screening program (pap smear) - gardasil: does not protect all - if already have virus, will not be protected

Date: Tuesday, October 30 Handouts: [|Cancer Case Studies] Audio: [|Cancer 2] Note: The lecture audio for this presentation is posted in mp3 format and provided for the purpose of revision support only • Why supportive care and chemotherapy compliance are important** i) to ensure that the patient receives chemotherapy protocol as scheduled because it is related to the patient's prognosis. ii) reduce side effects iii) improve quality of life iv) improve mortality and morbidity.
 * Cancer Case Studies : Adam Phillips**
 * The main assessable material from this module comes from the supportive care (Cancer Case Studies) lecture; the key points from this lecture are:

- metoclopramide (nausea and vomiting) - tropisetron (nausea and vomiting) - norfloxacin (decreases bacterial load in the GIT - prevent infection) - itraconazole syrup (antifungal) - nystatin mouthwash (antifungal) - famciclovir (herpes prophylaxis) - pantoprazole (stomach irritation prevention) - allopurinol (tumour lysis syndrome)
 * • Common supportive care pharmacotherapy**
 * • Pharmacists influence on limiting chemotherapy toxicities**

Date: Friday, November 2 Note: No lecture audio is available for this presentation, handouts were provided in hardcopy Lecture Series Summary and Assessment Notes:
 * Skin Cancer: Allan Evans**
 * • Pathogenesis of skin cancer & Australian conditions

• Strategies for skin cancer prevention (past, present and future)**


 * Practice Questions:** [|Sample Questions (Cancer)]