Substance+Misuse+Answers+2007

=**Substance Misuse Answers 2007**=

person who is using heroin for the first time. [You may also wish to develop case studies of individuals in different circumstances using various drugs (illicit or licit) that may or may not be classified as drug dependant using the criteria – this shows a working contextual knowledge of the descriptors used for drug dependence].
 * 1. Describe the similarities between the major criteria for defining drug dependence and discuss in the context of a

2. The term addiction can appropriately be used for: a) Heroin used on more than 5-6 occasions b) Tobacco use three times a week c) Any human behaviour linked to excess d) Use of ‘crack’ cocaine

3. Take the case of a middle-aged female executive quickly smoking a cigarette outside of an office building whilst holding a cup of coffee, before entering the building to join a meeting of her colleagues. Discuss each of Zinberg’s major factors influencing the drug experience in this situation from what you know. [In this case you may wish to make some assumptions about contributing factors to the person’s experience, it is appropriate to discuss the factors from what you know and provide a range of options instead of making too many assumptions. You may also wish to develop case studies of individuals in different circumstances using various drugs (illicit or licit) to expand your working knowledge of these factors].

4. Zinberg (1984) devised a model which explained drug use as determined by: a) The potency and addictiveness of the drug b) The social and physical environment in which an individual spends adolescence c) Drug, ‘set’, and ‘setting’ d) Individualism, materialism, and the mass media

5. Discuss the concept of actor-observer bias using the quote: “I drink alcohol because it is fun, sociable, and it tastes good. You use ecstasy because you are deviant, screwed up, have low self-esteem, and are the victim of a drug dealer….”

6. With regard to alcohol withdrawal, contrast the therapies used for short term management and long term management of the patient, in each case describe the rationale for the use of each form of therapy.

7. Which of the following is not an advantage of buprenorphine use in an opioid substitution treatment program? a) Partial opioid agonist makes withdrawal easier b) Fewer opioid side effects c) Less supervision required compared methadone d) Alternate daily dosing schedule

8. Describe the consequences of a pharmacist misinterpreting a dose of methadone mixture given in mg as a volume for the patient.

9. List reasons for why Subutex® (buprenorphine) and Suboxone® (buprenorphine/naloxone) are crushed before administration.

10. Initially, methadone treatment services were only available through government clinics. List reasons for why**