AP401+Fake+Exam

=AP401 Fake Exam=

answers will be posted here (eventually)

this is sorta the condensed key points, according to what I think could be potentially tested - so if you can explain most of these points, you should be fine in the exam ;)



Substance Misuse I – Drug Use and Dependence
- "some kind of case study": describe using the Zinberg model (drug, user - 'set', environment - 'setting') - list a few points of criteria of drug dependence (ICD-10 and/or DSM IV)

**Substance Misuse II – Determinants of Drug Use, Pharmacotherapies of Drug Dependence** - describe the theory of deservingness, and why it is hard for people with alcohol or drug disorders to seek quality health care - pharmacotherapies for alcohol withdrawal, cannabis withdrawal

**- what are the three principles of harm minimisation, with examples - calculation of 25mg methadone using a 5mg/mL solution - when do you give buprenorphine to a heroin user (after how long after their last heroin use)? why is that? - "picture of prescription": is this valid? (dose not in both words and figures or something similar) - comparison of suboxone effects (buprenorphine/naloxone) on different scenarios - patient claims vomiting from subutex (buprenorphine) and demands a new prescription (vomiting only affects methadone - requires a new prescription anyway) - course of action when client presents intoxicated: chance occurrence and if an ongoing problem - success of opioid substitution treatment program (harm reduction goals)
 * Substance Misuse III – Harm Minimisation Strategies


 * Medication Safety **

 Weight Management
 * Pharmacy Nutrition

Infant Feeding and Special Dietary Needs -** benefits of breastfeeding to both the mother and infant - significance of differences between formulae (when changing/hopping) - why is cow's milk unsuitable for infants? (when can we introduce it?) - disadvantages of bottle feeding - consequences of introducing solid foods earlier or later than 6 months of age - consequences of mixing medications and food (infants and toddlers)

- definitions of control, elimination etc. - practice points for packing a Cooler/'Esky' - counselling side effects of immunisation
 * Immunisation **

- principles of diagnosis (physical examination and history) - clinical presentation of psoriasis, Auspitz sign and Koebner phenomenon - precipitating factors of psoriasis - how to apply dithranol - side effects to topical corticosteroids - practice points for PUVA - patient complains of psoriasis getting worse upon starting acitretin - counselling points for acitretin (pregnancy, LFT, photosensitivity, cholesterol) - class contraindication for biological/antibody therapies, what medical conditions are a contraindication in some - brief explanation of PBS indications of biological/antibody therapies
 * Dermatology I – Introduction and Psoriasis **

-** explain the three morphological stages of eczema - management of eczema (general, acute exacerbations and chronic) - management of seborrhoeic dermatitis (scalp and skin)
 * Dermatology II – Eczema and Contact Dermatitis

- how to apply wart paint - management of exanthem, urticaria, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - four factors of pathogenesis of acne - clinical features and management of mild, moderate and severe acne
 * Dermatology III – Warts and Drug Eruptions, Acne **

-** common acute/chronic wound presentations (leg ulcer etc.) - assessment of a wound - factors that affect wound healing (medical conditions, other factors) - properties of the 'ideal dressing' - when not to use certain dressings (infection, surface of foot, level of exudate, thyroid problems etc.)
 * Wound Care

- pain assessment in children (non-verbal clues, various scales) - paediatric dose of paracetamol - benefits of using tramadol - know the summary at the end of the lecture
 * Paediatrics Pain/Common Paediatric Conditions **

- WCH approach to treating the common cold in children <2yrs - use of nasal decongestants - what to avoid when treating the common cold - treatment of PA eradication/colonisation - why azithromycin is use in CF - pancreatic insufficiency - liver disease, CF-related diabetes, bone health, reproduction
 * Coughs and Colds/Cystic Fibrosis**


 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Wound Care Exercise

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Introduction to Complementary Medicines <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> **- know the three CAMs in the tutorial questions (echinacea, ginkgo, St John's Wort)

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> **- know St John's Wort, Vitex, Paeonia (White Peony), Shatavari
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Common Complementary Medicines - Naturopathy

-** treatment options for prostate cancer (including watchful waiting) - why men are at an increase risk for non-gender specific diseases (which you should also list) - barriers for men to seek help/health services - what psychological factors and other medical conditions are gay men more likely to experience
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Men’s Health

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> **- what kind of cells are affected during anti-cancer therapy - common cancers for males and females - describe trends in cancer incidence (effect of prostate screening) - signs and symptoms of prostate cancer - PSA testing and prostate cancer (and why it can be inaccurate: age etc) - types of cancer screening in Australia
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Cancer Introduction

- rationale of management of tumour lysis syndrome - complications of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, treatment of acute and delayed N/V (how crucial is it to treat?) - when to use protocol and prn use of G-CSF, common side effect and why we shouldn't use ibuprofen to treat - why is mucositis important to prevent - prevention and treatment of mucositis - supportive therapy of cancer (identify possible interactions with chemotherapy) - explain to the patient why supportive therapy is important with cancer treatment
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Cancer Case Studies **

- treatments for non-melanoma skin cancers and melanomas - skin cancer risk factors - strategies for preventing skin cancer - chemoprevention of skin cancer - early detection of skin cancer
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Skin Cancer **

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">**Urinary Incontinence** - explain the types of incontinence (urge, stress, overflow, functional), including cause, what receptors to target, pharmacotherapy - what are some potentially reversible causes of incontinence (DIAPPERS) - medications that may cause incontinence

-** explain what a generic medicine is - when and why conduct a bioequivalence study - how the rate of dissolution and changes in particle size can affect the need for a bioequivalence test - what pharmacokinetic markers are important in a bioequivalence test - why conduct a balance two-way cross-over study? (some patients start with generic A and others start with generic B) - what is the amount of leeway allowed for mean ratio and 90% CI when judging whether two medications are bioequivalent, what do we do if the mean ratio or 90% CI is outside of this range - consequences of switching from one generic to another
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Bioequivalence and Generic Medicines

- what the NDPSC considers during decision making of scheduling medicines - process of downscheduling (how long must drug be on market etc) - basic criteria for upscheduling (pharmacists not counselling appropriately, changes in consumer behaviours) - which schedule is a new therapeutic substance put on
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Medicines Scheduling in Australia **

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">**Forensic Pharmacy – Legislative Overview, Privacy Principles** - section 33 authority: what are some exceptions, including prescribing without an authority at all - how long can we legally supply someone with an S8 drug for? (what about if unknown patient or prescriber) - some kind of situation involving disclosure of personal information, what is the decision process of knowing if it is ok to disclose